• fEMINISIM AND DEVLOPMENT OF LITERATY FORM

• mID 20th century women's movement 60 and 70s social and cutlural issues.

• unlike 19th century sufferget "right to vote" feminism

• However, there was poliitical issues

• Women sought freedom from patriarchal culture which subjected them to a dobule standard.

• Social agenda was subject of heated debate.  Centras was question of how women represented in patriarchal culture.

• Women began to read with eyes to criticuing how women were repsrented.  They went bnack and found women writers that had been forgotten or overlooked.

• Nina's reasons on why women not in cannon.

• 1960s Serious look at women writer's began.

• 3 dominant models for feminist criticism:

  • Historical project - recovering project where scholar goes back into archives to find work written by female and briing to other scholars attention.  Example - Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" - woman almost has an affair which leads her to take her own life.  The book was not weel taken.  Kate took it badly, was ignored for about fifty years.

  • Male represneation of women in women's experience - no longer trying to look for forgotten writers but critique workds by men.  Scarlet Letter was written by Hawthorne, he wrote Hesner Principal main female character.  Male author represnted social femal character.  Sexually explicit art.  No puritan art - any sexual representation of women - could be branded as pornography.  Sex positive critiques - more open and welcome to sexual represneation of women.  There has not always been a conscieness amongst feminists.

  • Feminism as a thoery of women's writing.  What the French refer to as feminin Ecriture - translates from the French as "feminine writing," though it is often translated as "women's writing."[1] The theory, which unpacks the relationship between the cultural and psychological inscription of the female body and female difference in language and text.  

    • _____

    • Media criticism - valuate them in evaluation of women - sterotypes - rhetorical or linguistic analysis - themes that seem to be unique to women's writing

• Interesting sociao linguists cognitive processes - the way in which men and women use you know what I'm climax like sex

• Feminist critiques should be applauded for bringing out forgotten writers.  "Politics is the very ______________" Essential of the art for weilding power.  Challenging male power or patriarcharl society.

• Business, politics and academics.  How have they transformed those entities?

• It doesn' seem so.  It's because of his that feminists are divided.

• Feminism is an umbrella term.

• "contemporay literature critiques is _____

• Shakedspeare said what's in a "word".  We know lots.  Alert people to certain concerns.  Sexual politics - identify a political strucutre that seems to be oriented with sexual identiy gender politics - identity.

• Masculinity - feminity - can't do one without the other.

• Last 30 years men put in disadvanage because we havinge set up efinition for masculine not becuas eo feminin

• Example: Women's study courses attract women, but not men.  Unlikely that they will infiltrate men and cannon.  

• Same with African Americans.

• Change name to gender studies then men feel included.

• Feminisim will not be able to advance females until itis more open to all.

• Idenity politics - viewpoint arises from who and what you are "who you are" - race - civil rights movement - different ideology - beliefs and values

• Idenitty politics - example marriage equality - rights of LBTGQ

• Queer thoery

• Problem for feminism - resides in theoretical essentialism.

• Have to assume a certain common ground black people - experienced oppression as a woman - experienced similar patterns as other women.  Essentists would argue only women could be feminsts cause only women understood.

• Essentialism believes - we are all determiend by our anatomy.

• Biological and socia differences

• contrasting social constructionist theories

• Jacques Lacan argues that sexual identity is not innate.  It is acquired by socialization from birth.

• Preformative - something we inact doesn't matter if male or female.

Judith butler - "Gender Trouble"

Feminist scholars have tended to move away from cannon busting, because most have been done.  Less historial and more linguistic, formalist apprroach.  What does it mean to write like a man?  What does it mean to write lik a women?

• Can't be analysed outside of the text.  Must be looked at iin a formalist view.

• Look at male and female reading patterns.

• Can men be feminists?

• Essentialist theory - no men can't cause theyr'e not women.  Exludes them.

• Can a women rerad a literary work like a man?  No, they are not a man.

• If so then only men could analyze men writers and women, women writers.

• That is why essentialism is problmeatic.  The category of man is meant to include women but men can't see women.

• Women have to be able to share common experienceses.

• Essential gender, race

• Socialization - imitate family - parents, peers, etc.

• Deconstruction - critical theory undercuts essential theory

• Transintental signifier - meaning and language - is a product of differences between signes.

• Meta physical thinking

• Not abstract theories for feminists

• has to do with men speaking from feminist perspective.  Some feminists oppose men getting involved.

• "Daugher of Horror"

• Social construction

• I see thw orld in a certain way because of where I'm standing.

• Subject positions and subject psotion therory

• The scourse of the other lacan.

• Frequdian model

• We all occupy various subject positions throughtout our lives.

• Reminds us that none of us are consistant with ourselves.

• Also reminds us that we're different people in various roles.

• Art and literature - help us to gain a different subject position becoming a different character and role.

• Spivak - Islot - insert yourself - another word for subject position.

• Most valuable therapeutic way of literature

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