Sociaology takes us outside of text - history, etc.

Bakhtin was held in Syria because of his views.  He was forced to publish with other names.

Formalism emphasis - form own content

Marxism tended to ignore form or formalism

3rd dimension - psychology restricts itself to the psychi of the creator and contemplator

Biographical studies

Psychological readings - discerning impulses of author psych. understanding of the reader.

Creator and contemplater

Sender - medium - receiver (tends to be unilower

Literary criticism Author - text - reader

Terms are interchangeable

Bahktin calls text hero - Hero (topic) - probably means subject matter

Or could also be called rhetoric

Discourse in life.  A specific and socially inflected with intination

Paralanguage - how you say something rather than what you say

Intonation fills the gap in discourse use parallels to arophrase.

Without tone of voice we would not be albe to understand intentions of words being said.

3 rhetrical factors that determine how we shape our speech.

• The common spaical preview

• The interlockers common knowledge and understanding

•  

Jointly seen - jointly known

to be understood

Is reflection theory Marxist or Russian? "Art is like a mirror that we hold up to life" from Hamlet by Shakespeare

Inadequate thoery

Windows 1970s opening a window - not refelctions, not windows

What is the nature?  Novels are representation of reality not reflection 

Consciously sleected subjective not objective

Linguisitc signifers Bahktin wanted to make it more represenative of history.

All discourse is sociaoligical.  It is a tool for sharing our response with other people.

Language use bound up with value judgements.

Paralanguage

I love you

Depending on how you say it, you could mean oppposote of what is says.  Paralanguage prvides insight social contenxt helps to show meaning

Comedy-Any narrative that ends in marriage.  Bring people togethe, tpically mena dn women.

Tragedy - story of great man having flaws or deflects of charcater - 

Tragic comedy  - finds humor in characters that are trajic.

Comedy - undercuts importance of main character.

rhythm -

Bakhtin prose and language int he novel "Marxism the Diologic Ingeneration" Universe of Language.  His theories Russian Formalists were his contempories.  were formed i political environement.  His work was neglected and overlooked until the 60 and 70s.

He tried to place formalism with historism.

Be mroe attentive to socialism on one hand and on the other langauge.

Marxism that prevailed in earlier years.  We'll call it historicism is different than Western Marxism.  Bakhtin wanted to synthesize all thoughts.  

Rhetorical thoery of art - jointly seen - jointly known - jointly understood

Part-time, place and _____ always outside of literature

Ideologica struggle and ______ 

Social existence outside of language

Bakhtin - the individual speech act or parole.

Use utterance instead of parole.

Bakhtin spent many years in Syria for being a ____ thinker.

Utterance - literary text is a time of parole.

Utterance can only be understood with social reality.  If you tke it out of context it doesn't make sense.  Shared experience.

Utterance - rejoinder or reponse to a previouse response - dialouge.

Crucial point of contact between language and social form _______.  Always bound by past.

Dialouge is critical - Each word is a little areana.  The meaning of a word entirely by its context.  there are as many uses of a word as there are contexts.

Ideaologically collequy (conversation) or dialouge of large scale.

It repsonde, objects, affirms, etc. to something.

Multi-vocal and polyphonic.

Linguisitc zones

Interact with one antoher

Cause each other to come alive.

Dialouges of different languages

Novel - many different languages conte together - legal discourse, medical terminoloy, etc.

It's not merely a neutral tool, but language specifically points of view on the world

World views

Theoretically informed way

As a result of the work done, there are now new quotes and ofrm.  Language has been compeltely taken over.  Each word tastes of the contest and context.

Heteroglassia - points out to us the presence of other languages.  Example Huck Finn afflueant people speak differently than Jim the slave.

Ideology - social asumptions

Helenic period for 1t prose.  Precisely the working of langauge for dialouge - literary texts images of languages.

Discourse lives as it were, beyond iteslef.

If we detach ourselves all we have is the naked word.  Less is langauge.   If we detach ourselves all we have is the naked word.  Go otusdide the novel.  The internal social diotmism.

Concreate reverberates

Sociaological poetics - reader response - How the reader is affected.

Hetoroglossia - different speechness - different types of speech within the same language - like legal talk, young generation talk "selfies", etc.  Can refer to simple differences such as word use and sentence construction.  Helps to make the dialouge more realistic.   This helps to show different characters in a story.

This will lead to poloyphonic - different voice.

Dialogic - first person introspective novels - you talking to yourself and a form or part of yourself is another talker.

chronotope - time and space in a novel.  Reinforces common coneptions of a genre.  For example romance, but have two romantially involved characters with some sort of progression either brining them together or apart.